Virtual Water in Global Supply Chains: Trade Structure, Industrial Composition, and Policy Levers
Published in Ecological Economics, 2026
This paper uses Eora MRIO data for 189 countries (2010-2021) to map green, blue, and grey embodied-water flows and examine how virtual-water positions relate to industrial structure, trade openness, water withdrawal capacity, and growth outcomes.
Recommended citation: Jiang, W., Sun, J., Cole, M., & Zhang, Y. (2026). "Virtual water in global supply chains: Trade structure, industrial composition, and policy levers." Ecological Economics, 248, 109068.
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